Cyber Security: Malware Types and How They Affect Your Devices

How They Work: Viruses attach themselves to clean files or programs, and when the infected file is executed, the virus spreads to other files or programs.
Impact: They can corrupt or delete data, slow performance down, or even prevent systems from operating. Certain viruses may be programmed for destructive acts, such as deleting files or stealing information.

2. Worms:

How They Work: Worms are self-replicating malware that spread across networks without needing a host file. They exploit vulnerabilities in software to infect other devices.
Impact: These worms will cause network congestion, and systems will slow down very considerably. They may even create a backdoor for hacking purposes and lead to data theft or system crashes.

3. Trojan Horses (Trojans):

How They Work: Trojans disguise themselves as legitimate software or files to trick users into downloading them. Once executed, they can perform malicious actions.
Impact: Trojans can steal data, install other malware, or provide hackers with remote access to your device.
Example: The "Zeus" Trojan, often used to steal banking information.

How They Work: Ransomware locks or encrypts files on a device and demands payment (ransom) from the victim to restore access.
Impact: It can block access to crucial files and services, causing significant disruptions. In some cases, even if the ransom is paid, data may not be restored.
Example: "WannaCry," a ransomware attack that affected hundreds of thousands of computers worldwide in 2017.

5. Spyware:

How They Work: Spyware secretly collects information from the victim's device without the owner's knowledge. It may be able to track browsing habits, record keystrokes, or capture login credentials.
Impact: Spyware undermines privacy, sometimes stealing sensitive data like passwords, credit card information, or even personal details. It may also cause the system to slow down.
Example: "CoolWebSearch," a spyware that collected browsing data and modified search engine results.

6. Adware:

How They Work: Adware displays unwanted ads, often in the form of pop-ups or redirects. While some adware is not inherently malicious, it can track browsing behavior and invade privacy.
Impact: It can slow down device performance, clutter your screen with intrusive ads, and sometimes lead to further infections.
Example: "Gator," a software that displayed ads but also tracked user activity.

7. Rootkits:

How They Work: Rootkits are intended to grant unauthorized access to the system and conceal their existence, often by fiddling with system files or processes.
Effects: They allow cyberthieves to retain possession of the compromised machine, carry out harmful acts, and siphon data away in the dark.
Example: "Stuxnet," the rootkit used in the targeted attack on Iran's nuclear program.

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Cyber Security